In general yes, orphaned pages, don't do very well. They lack any 'inlinks' so dont really have any page rank.
They may technically be indexed, but don't tend to rank very well. Not to say wont rank at all, not just well.
Sitemaps can help with discovery, and so lead to crawling/indexing.
BUt they dont help with ranking. Proper internal, also known as organic links, can however help with ranking.
Importantly links help users, so they can find pages. Users arent going to consult a XML sitemap.
yes as many sites may have a 'search' function, or maybe interactive functions that bots can't crawl.
... but a 'low-fi' navigation system that works very simply can help users AND bots.
Eg visually impaired users might struggle to use a search interface.